《资本论》剩余价值分割体系理论的划时代意义

The theory of surplus value division system expounded in Volume III of Das Kapital serves as the core content revealing the total process of capitalist production. Firstly, it systematically clarifies the distribution law of surplus value among different exploiting groups, and constructs a complete analytical framework for the capitalist exploitation system. Starting from the profit of industrial capital, it gradually analyzes categories such as commercial profit, interest and rent, and finally reveals the complete picture of surplus value division among various exploiting groups, realizing a systematic interpretation of capitalist distribution relations. It points out that capitalist exploitation is the collective exploitation of the entire proletariat by the entire bourgeoisie, providing a vital theoretical basis for the proletarian revolution. Secondly, it not only resolves the theoretical confusions of classical political economics on categories including profit, interest and rent, but also profoundly dissects the class structure and exploitative essence of capitalist society. Against the background that contemporary capitalist exploitation forms are increasingly concealed and distribution relations are becoming more complex, re-examining the scientific connotation of this theory can better highlight its theoretical penetrating power across time and space and its epoch-making significance.