Application of Novel Molecular Diagnostic Technologies in Precision Detection of Clinical Infectious Diseases

Rapid and accurate identification of infectious diseases is an important aspect in both clinical diagnosis and public health surveillance. The conventional methods for pathogen detection, such as microbial culture and immunological tests, are still useful in medical field but have some disadvantages like low sensitivity, lack of specificity and prolonged waiting time, which cannot satisfy the needs of the present precise medicine. With the development of molecular biology and nanotechnology, new molecular diagnostic techniques have demonstrated great advantages in the detection of infectious diseases. In this research, we systematically investigate the principles and clinical uses of nucleic acid amplification-based techniques (PCR, LAMP, RPA), high-throughput sequencing (NGS), gene chips and CRISPR-based molecular recognition systems. Their influences on improving sensitivity, shortening detection time, enabling multi-pathogen detection and aiding personalized treatment plans are discussed. It is pointed out that the recent molecular diagnostic techniques are promoting the detection of infectious diseases towards high-throughput, point-of-care and intelligent procedures, providing a solid scientific and technological support for precise clinical management and disease prevention.