初产妇与经产妇分娩疼痛差异的影响因素研究综述

健斌 伍(暨南大学第二临床医学院，中国)
远旭 姜(暨南大学第二临床医学院，中国)

摘要

分娩疼痛是产妇在分娩过程中常见的生理和心理体验，主要由宫缩引起，涉及子宫、宫颈、盆底肌肉等部位的牵拉和压迫。心理因素如焦虑、恐惧等也会加剧疼痛感知。初产妇通常对分娩过程缺乏经验，可能更易感到焦虑和恐惧，导致疼痛感知更强烈。经产妇因有过分娩经历，可能对疼痛有更高的耐受性，但也可能因既往不良经历而产生负面情绪。硬膜外麻醉被广泛应用于分娩镇痛，能有效缓解疼痛，改善分娩体验。研究初产妇与经产妇在镇痛需求和效果上的差异，有助于制定个性化的镇痛方案。

关键词

初产妇；经产妇；分娩疼痛；影响因素；镇痛策略

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.12345/yzlcyxzz.v8i3.24725