Role of Hormonal Imbalance in the Pathogenesis of Metabolic Syndrome: A Comprehensive Review

Emily Chang(Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Lausanne, Switzerland)
Benjamin Patel(Faculty of Science, Aarhus University, Denmark)

Abstract

Metabolic syndrome is a multifaceted disorder characterized by a constellation of interconnected metabolic abnormalities, including central obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and hypertension, which significantly elevate the risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Among the myriad factors contributing to its pathogenesis, hormonal imbalance emerges as a central player, exerting profound effects on various metabolic pathways. This comprehensive review elucidates the intricate role of hormonal dysregulation in the development and progression of metabolic syndrome. It delves into the dysregulation of key hormones such as insulin, leptin, adiponectin, cortisol, and others, and their impact on glucose and lipid metabolism, energy homeostasis, and inflammatory responses. Additionally, it explores the bidirectional relationship between hormonal imbalances and associated risk factors, such as obesity and insulin resistance. Understanding these complex interactions is crucial for unraveling the mechanistic underpinnings of metabolic syndrome and devising targeted therapeutic interventions aimed at restoring hormonal equilibrium and ameliorating metabolic dysfunction.

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.26549/ahpr.v5i1.15912