Exploring Cellular Signaling Pathways in Respiratory Physiology: Implications for Disease Diagnosis and Therapy

Amire Eroles(Fundación Investigación del Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia/INCLIVA, Av. Blasco Ibáñez 17, 46010 Valencia, Spain)
Ana Silva(Servicio de Hematología y Oncología Médica, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Av. Blasco Ibáñez 17, 46010 Valencia, Spain)
Mateus Santos(Fundación Investigación del Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia/INCLIVA, Av. Blasco Ibáñez 17, 46010 Valencia, Spain)
Juliana Oliveira(Servicio de Hematología y Oncología Médica, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Av. Blasco Ibáñez 17, 46010 Valencia, Spain)
Rafael Costa(Servicio de Hematología y Oncología Médica, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Av. Blasco Ibáñez 17, 46010 Valencia, Spain)

Abstract

Cellular signaling pathways play a crucial role in regulating respiratory physiology and are integral to the pathogenesis of respiratory diseases. This review explores the intricate mechanisms of cellular signaling in respiratory physiology and discusses their implications for disease diagnosis and therapy. Firstly, the review provides an overview of key cellular signaling pathways involved in respiratory physiology, including those regulating airway smooth muscle contraction, mucin secretion, and immune cell activation. The role of signaling molecules such as G-protein coupled receptors, kinases, and transcription factors in mediating these pathways is discussed in detail.  Next, the review examines how dysregulation of cellular signaling pathways contributes to the pathogenesis of common respiratory diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and pulmonary fibrosis. Insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying disease development and progression are highlighted, including aberrant cytokine signaling, oxidative stress, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Furthermore, the review explores the potential of targeting cellular signaling pathways for disease diagnosis and therapy. It discusses emerging diagnostic biomarkers based on signaling pathway dysregulation and evaluates the efficacy of pharmacological interventions targeting key signaling molecules in preclinical and clinical studies.  Overall, this review provides a comprehensive understanding of cellular signaling pathways in respiratory physiology and their implications for disease diagnosis and therapy. It underscores the importance of further research in this area to develop novel diagnostic tools and therapeutic strategies for respiratory diseases.

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.26549/ahpr.v5i2.15931