Effects of Pollution on Fish Health and Fisheries Management: A Comprehensive Review

B. Turner(National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Hamilton, New Zealand)
S. A. Hewitt(National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Hamilton, New Zealand)
L. B. Thrush(National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Hamilton, New Zealand)

Abstract

Pollution in aquatic ecosystems poses significant threats to fish health and fisheries management globally. This comprehensive review examines the myriad sources and types of pollution impacting fish populations, delves into the physiological and behavioral ramifications on fish health, and evaluates the ensuing implications for fisheries management. The review underscores the importance of understanding pollution sources, such as industrial effluents, agricultural runoff, urban sewage, and their synergistic effects with natural pollutants. It elucidates the physiological impacts of pollution on fish, including respiratory, reproductive, immune, and neurological systems, and explores the consequent behavioral alterations in feeding, swimming, and social activities. Furthermore, the review investigates the bioaccumulation and biomagnification of pollutants in fish tissues, shedding light on the ecological ramifications within aquatic food webs. Additionally, it discusses the far-reaching consequences of pollution on fisheries management, ranging from economic impacts on commercial fisheries and aquaculture to regulatory frameworks addressing pollution mitigation. Monitoring and assessment techniques for pollution levels and fish health are also elucidated, along with case studies exemplifying pollution effects and successful remediation efforts. Despite the challenges posed by pollution, the review highlights opportunities for innovation and collaboration in pollution prevention and management, emphasizing the imperative of concerted efforts in safeguarding fish populations and aquatic ecosystems.

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.26549/jfs.v5i1.15905