早产儿小于胎龄儿生长发育特点及影响因素的探讨

梅梅 陈(承德医学院附属医院，中国)
慧洁 黄(承德医学院附属医院，中国)

摘要

小于胎龄儿（SGA）尤其是早产儿，因胎内外多重因素的影响，表现出独特的生长发育特点。早产小于胎龄儿易伴随神经认知、代谢及多系统并发症，给临床管理带来了挑战。当前研究显示，早产儿SGA的生长发育轨迹受到多种因素的影响，包括围产期营养支持、脑发育异常、表观遗传因素及经济社会环境因素等。本文旨在综述早产SGA的生长发育特征及其影响因素，结合最新的临床和基础研究，分析胎盘功能障碍、营养干预、遗传及表观遗传机制对早产儿生长发育的作用。通过对这些因素的综合分析，本文为临床风险评估、早期干预策略的制定及未来研究方向提供了理论依据和实践指导，期望能够改善早产儿SGA的生长发育结局。

关键词

早产儿小于胎龄儿；生长发育；营养支持；胎盘功能障碍；表观遗传

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.12345/yzlcyxzz.v8i11.34533