育龄妇女身心健康的现状及其影响因素——以中国广东省为例

永梅 侯(广东医科大学人文与管理学院心理学系，中国)
远秋 张(广东医科大学人文与管理学院心理学系，中国)
嘉琪 梁(广东医科大学人文与管理学院心理学系，中国)

摘要

目的： 了解育龄妇女身心健康的现状，探讨其主要的影响因素。方法 : 采取分层随机抽样法，选取广东省 1019 名育龄妇女，使用康奈尔健康问卷（Conell Medical Index,CMI）、简明精神状态量表 (Mini- Mental State Examimation，MMSE) 和自编的个人一般情况调查表对他们进行调查。 结果： 本组的 CMI 总分为（ 23.23± 20.63），A ～ L 得分为（ 15.38± 13.76），M ～ R得分为（ 7.85± 8.66）。CMI 总分≥ 40 分 158 人 (15.5%)，M ～ R ≥ 20 分 106 人 (10.4%)。多元线性回归显示，是否每天吸20 支以上的纸烟、每天喝多少咖啡或茶、“别人认为我很笨”等 3 个因素正向预测 CMI 的 A ～ L 得分 (β=0.197 ～ 0.241，均 P ＜ 0.001)，睡眠质量、是否每天规律地锻炼、居住环境、是否每天规律地放松等 4 个因素负向预测 CMI 的 A ～ L 得分(β=-0.158 ～ -0.234，均 P ＜ 0.05)；每天喝多少咖啡或茶、是否每天吸 20 支以上纸烟、是否每天喝两次以上白酒、职业、独生子女、“别人认为我很笨”等 6 个因素正向预测 CMI 的 M ～ R 得分 (β=0.048 ～ 0.534，均 P ＜ 0.05)，睡眠质量、每天规律地锻炼、月收入、居住环境、学历、居住面积等 6 个因素负向预测 CMI 的 M ～ R 得分 (β=-0.055 ～ -0.171，均 P＜ 0.05)；每天喝多少咖啡或茶、是否每天吸 20 支以上纸烟、是否每天喝两次以上白酒、“别人认为我很笨”等 5 个因素正向预测 CMI 总分 (β=0.057 ～ 0.384，均 P ＜ 0.05)，睡眠质量、是否每天规律地锻炼、是否每天规律地放松、居住面积、学历、居住环境等 6 个因素负向预测 CMI 的总分 (β=-0.045 ～ -0.222，均 P ＜ 0.05)。 结论： 本组育龄妇女身体和心理健康状况都较好。生活环境、生活习惯、职业、学历以及人格特征等因素可能是育龄妇女身心健康状况的影响因素。

关键词

育龄妇女; 身心健康; 影响因素; 多元线性回归

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.26549/yzlcyxzz.v3i4.3765