季节性变应性鼻炎的特异性免疫治疗长期疗效观察

昌林 王(滨州市人民医院，中国)

摘要

季节性过敏性鼻炎（SAR）患病率持续攀升，常规药物对中重度患者疗效有限。特异性免疫治疗（AIT）是唯一可能诱导免疫耐受的对因疗法。本研究基于已发表临床证据，系统评估AIT对SAR的长期疗效。Meta分析显示，AIT可显著降低症状和药物评分。中国黄花蒿花粉舌下免疫治疗研究显示，1年治疗使症状评分改善68%，停药后1年疗效持续。十年随访证实，AIT组哮喘发生率（8.0%）显著低于对照组（40.7%），具有疾病修饰作用。2025年司普奇拜单抗获批开启生物制剂时代，其2天快速缓解症状，但停药后疗效待验证。AIT与生物制剂形成互补：AIT诱导长期免疫耐受，生物制剂快速控制症状。结论认为，AIT对SAR具有确切长期疗效，在生物制剂时代仍是中重度患者一线治疗选择。

关键词

季节性过敏性鼻炎；特异性免疫治疗；长期疗效；疾病修饰；生物制剂

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.12345/yzlcyxzz.v9i4.38126