睡眠-觉醒中神经递质的作用

敏燕 王(内蒙古医科大学，中国)
雅英 解(内蒙古医科大学附属医院麻醉科，中国)

摘要

睡眠-觉醒的发生和维持在结构上需要多个脑区和多种神经递质系统的支持。目前认为睡眠依赖于腹侧和中间视前区的γ-氨基丁酸（γ-aminobutyric acid,GABA）能神经元, 觉醒依赖于脑干网状结构的谷氨酸（glutamic acid,Glu）能系统、基底前脑和脑干的胆碱能系统、脑干的去甲肾上腺素能系统、5-羟色胺能系统和多巴胺能系统以及下丘脑的组胺能系统和食欲素系统。这些系统在脑内形成了广泛复杂的网络, 但它们在睡眠-觉醒中的作用是不同的。各系统中的神经递质通过各自特殊的信号通路，参与产生觉醒与睡眠的大脑回路，使其相互抑制，从而引起睡眠与觉醒两种状态的转换。

关键词

睡眠-觉醒；神经递质；谷氨酸；γ-氨基丁酸；单胺类神经递质；乙酰胆碱　

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.26549/yzlcyxzz.v3i7.6222