Exploiting Viral Oncology for Cancer Treatment: The Potential and Limitations of Oncolytic Viruses

John C. Russell(Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA)

Abstract

The use of oncolytic viruses for cancer treatment has emerged as a promising field in viral oncology. These viruses are designed to selectively infect and destroy cancer cells while sparing normal healthy cells. This essay explores the potential and limitations of oncolytic viruses as a novel approach to cancer therapy. It begins by providing a comprehensive overview of oncolytic viruses, their mechanisms of action, and their ability to exploit the unique characteristics of cancer cells. The essay then delves into the various strategies employed to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of oncolytic viruses, including genetic modifications, combination therapies, and immune system modulation. Additionally, the limitations and challenges associated with oncolytic virotherapy, such as viral resistance, immune clearance, and delivery issues, are discussed. The essay also covers the current clinical trials and approved oncolytic viruses, highlighting their successes and setbacks. Furthermore, the ethical considerations and safety concerns surrounding the use of oncolytic viruses are addressed. Finally, future directions and ongoing research in the field are explored, including the development of novel viral platforms and the use of oncolytic viruses in combination with other treatment modalities. Overall, this essay provides a comprehensive analysis of the potential of oncolytic viruses in cancer treatment and highlights the challenges that need to be overcome to harness their full therapeutic potential.

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.26549/jor.v5i2.15938