Shadow Education in the Era of the Globalization: Comprehensive Prohibition or Active Encouragement?

Hongxia Liu(Institute of International and Comparative Education, Beijing Normal University)
Di Suo(Institute of International and Comparative Education, Beijing Normal University)

Abstract

With the acceleration of education democratization and the rapid development of education modernization, shadow education, as a prominent phenomenon in education globalization, has begun to develop rapidly. This paper challenges the different views of shadow education which has both positive and negative effect in the era of globalization and further discusses that shadow education should be actively encouraged from the perspective of knowledge economy, brain migration and higher education.

Keywords

Shadow education； Era of globalization

References

Bray, M., 1999. The shadow education system: Private tutoring and its implications for planners. Fundamentals of Educational Planning No.61, Paris: UNESCO International Institute for Educational Planning (IIEP).

Baker, D., LeTendre, G.K., 2005. National differences, global similarities: World culture and the future of schooling. Stanford University Press.

Southgate, D., 2009. Determinants of Shadow Education: A Gross-National Analysis. Ohio State University. Ph.D. Dissertation.

Kellner, D., 2002. Theorizing Globalization. Sociological Theory. 20(3), 285-305.

Stromquist, N.P., 2002. Theorizing Globalization. In N. P. Stromquist (Ed.), Education in a globalized world: The connectivity of economic power, technology, and knowledge: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. pp. 1-18.

Burbules, N.C., Torres, C.A., 2000. Globalization and education: An Introduction. In N. C. Burbules & C. A. Torres (Eds.), Globalization and education: Critical perspectives. New York: Routledge. pp. 1-26.

UNESCO, 2006. Demand Sensitive Schooling? Evidence and Issues. Centre for Educational Research and Innovation (CERI). United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, Washington D.C.

Sellar, S., Zipin, L., 2018. Conjuring optimism in darktimes: Education, affect and human capital. Educational Philosophy and Theory.

Suárez-Orozco, C., 2001. Afterword: Understanding and serving the children of immigrants. Harvard Educational Review. 71(3), 579-590.

Mori, I., Baker, D., 2010. The origin of universal shadow education: What the supplemental education phenomenon tells us about the postmodern institution of education. Asia Pacific Education Review. 11(1), 36-48.

Altbach, P.G., Reisberg, L., Rumbley, L.E., 2010. Tracking a global academic revolution. Change: The Magazine of Higher Learning. 42(2), 30-39.

Stevenson, D.L., Baker, D.P., 1992. Shadow education and allocation in formal schooling: Transition to university in Japan. American Journal of sociology. 97(6), 1639-1657.

Brunello, G., Comi, S., Lucifora, C., 2001. The college wage gap in 10 European countries: Evidence from two cohorts. Available at SSRN 292061.

Dore, R., 1976. The Diploma Disease. Education, Qualification and Development.

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.26549/jetm.v6i1.10075